Cholesterol: What you need to know to protect your heart

What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is naturally present in our body and is essential for the functioning of cells and the production of certain hormones.

However, when its levels in the blood are elevated, it can contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of the arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

What is the difference between LDL and HDL?

Cholesterol is transported in the blood with the help of lipoproteins.

• LDL ("bad" cholesterol): When at elevated levels, it contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.

• HDL ("good" cholesterol): Participates in the transport of excess cholesterol from tissues to the liver.

• Triglycerides: This is another form of lipid, elevated levels of which may also be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

  
  

What are normal values?

There is no ideal cholesterol value that applies to everyone.

Target LDL levels depend on the individual's overall cardiovascular risk. For example, in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, an LDL below 55 mg/dL is often targeted, according to European guidelines.

The cardiologist individually evaluates the tests and determines the appropriate therapeutic goal.

What factors increase cholesterol?

Elevated cholesterol levels may be related to heredity, a diet rich in saturated fat, increased body weight, reduced physical activity, and certain conditions, such as hypothyroidism.

How can we protect our heart?

Prevention is based on daily habits that contribute to maintaining cardiovascular health:

• Mediterranean diet with fruits, vegetables, legumes and olive oil.

• Limit saturated fats and avoid trans fats.

• Regular physical activity.

• Maintaining a healthy body weight.

• Avoid smoking.

• Regular monitoring of lipid profile.

In some cases, medication, such as statins, is also required, depending on the cardiovascular risk and needs of the patient.

When should we visit a cardiologist?

High cholesterol usually does not cause symptoms, which is why screening is important, especially if you have a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or other risk factors.

Early diagnosis and personalized treatment can significantly reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.