Atrial Fibrillation: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. It is characterized by an irregular heart rhythm and can occur occasionally or persist for a long period of time.

What are the symptoms?

Some patients have no symptoms at all. Others may experience:

• Palpitations or fluttering in the chest

• Easy fatigue and reduced endurance

• Shortness of breath

• Dizziness or weakness

• Chest discomfort

• 
  

Why does it need attention?

Atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of blood clots and stroke. That's why early diagnosis and individualized risk assessment are important.

How is the diagnosis made?

The diagnosis is confirmed by an electrocardiogram. If the episodes are transient, a Holter recording of the heart rhythm may be necessary. Depending on the case, an echocardiogram is also performed.

What are the treatment options?

Treatment depends on the symptoms, duration of the arrhythmia, and the patient's overall cardiovascular profile. It may include:

• Pharmacological regulation of heart rate or rhythm

• Anticoagulation, when indicated, to reduce the risk of stroke

• Electrical ablation in selected patients

• Addressing risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea

• 
  

When should you visit a cardiologist?

If you notice irregular heartbeats, unexplained fatigue, or episodes of tachycardia, it is important to be evaluated by a cardiologist.

In case of severe chest pain, fainting, severe shortness of breath, or symptoms of a stroke, seek emergency medical attention immediately.